Evaluación de estrategias de sustentabilidad en edificios de oficinas LEED. Un marco basado en la Tríada Vitruviana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62166/area.33.1.4364Palabras clave:
Arquitectura sustentable, Certificación, Evaluación, Edificios de oficinas, Metodología, Sustainable architecture, Certification, Assessment, Office buildings, MethodologyResumen
La brecha entre el desempeño proyectado y el medido en edificios certificados evidencia que el cumplimiento normativo no garantiza la efectividad conductual de las estrategias de sustentabilidad. Este artículo propone y aplica un marco metodológico basado en una reinterpretación contemporánea de la Tríada Vitruviana –firmitas, utilitas y venustas– para evaluar cómo los atributos arquitectónicos facilitan Comportamientos Pro-Ambientales (CPA) en ocupantes de oficinas. La tríada fue operacionalizada en instrumentos de evaluación cualitativa y aplicada a cuatro edificios de oficinas con certificación LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) en Chile, mediante análisis de planos, fotografía documental y juicio de expertos. Los resultados revelan que créditos LEED idénticos albergan realizaciones arquitectónicas cualitativamente dispares en sus dimensiones material, funcional y perceptual. En particular, la dimensión compositiva (venustas) está completamente ausente del esquema de certificación, el cual prioriza métricas cuantitativas que no aseguran la agencia del ocupante ni su experiencia. Se concluye que la Tríada Vitruviana, por su capacidad para integrar las dimensiones material, funcional y perceptual, representa un aporte metodológico para que los sistemas de certificación incorporen criterios cualitativos de desempeño conductual, superando la mera verificación de requisitos y avanzando hacia un diseño efectivamente centrado en el ocupante sustentable.
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